1.What is base station?
Base station is nothing but which interconnects two or more telephone systems.
2.What is multiplexing?
multiplexing is the process of sending two or more signals through a single communication channel.
There are two types of multiplexing:
* Frequency domain multiplexing.
* Time domain multiplexing.
3.Difference between CDMA & GSM?
The basic difference lies in the Multiplexing method used in the aerial communication i.e. from Mobile Tower to your mobile and vice versa.
CDMA
uses Code Division Multiple Access as the name itself indicates, for
example you are in a hall occupied with number of people speaking
different language. You will find that the one language you know will be
heard by you and the others will be treated like noise. In the same
manner each CDMA mobile communication takes place with a "code"
communicating between them and the other end if one is knowing that code
then only it can listen to the data being transmitted i.e. the communication is in the coded form.
On the other hand GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) uses narrowband TDMA, which allows eight simultaneous calls on the same radio frequency. TDMA works by dividing a radio frequency into time slots and then allocating slots to multiple calls. In this way, a single frequency can support multiple, simultaneous data channel.
On the other hand GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) uses narrowband TDMA, which allows eight simultaneous calls on the same radio frequency. TDMA works by dividing a radio frequency into time slots and then allocating slots to multiple calls. In this way, a single frequency can support multiple, simultaneous data channel.
GSM provide international roaming while CDMA does not.
GSM works on 900 and 1800 MHz while CDMA does only on 900 MHz.
4. What is Barkhausen criteria?
Barkhausen criteria, without which you will not know which conditions, are to be satisfied for oscillations.
Oscillations
will not be sustained if, at the oscillator frequency, the magnitude of
the product of the transfer gain of the amplifier and the magnitude of
the feedback factor of the feedback network ( the magnitude of the loop
gain ) are less than unity?.
The condition of unity loop gain -Aβ = 1 is called the Barkhausen criterion. This condition implies that
Aβ
= 1and that the phase of - Aβ is zero.
The condition of unity loop gain -Aβ = 1 is called the Barkhausen criterion. This condition implies that
Aβ
= 1and that the phase of - Aβ is zero.
Barkhausen Criteria: For sustained oscillations
1. The total phase shift around a loop is precisely 0 degree or 360 degree.
2. The magnitude of the product of open loop gain of the amplifier and the magnitude of the feedback factor is unity.
That is │Aβ│=1
1. The total phase shift around a loop is precisely 0 degree or 360 degree.
2. The magnitude of the product of open loop gain of the amplifier and the magnitude of the feedback factor is unity.
That is │Aβ│=1
5.How many satellites are required to cover the earth?
3 satellites are required to cover the entire earth, which is placed
at 120 degree to each other. The life span of the satellite is about 15
years.
6.What is a transducer and transponder?
A transducer is a device, usually electrical, electronic, electro-mechanical, electromagnetic, photonic, or photovoltaic that converts one type of energy or physical attribute to another for various purposes including measurement or information transfer.
Crosstalk is a form of interference caused by signals in nearby conductors. The most common example is hearing an unwanted conversation on the telephone. Crosstalk can also occur in radios, televisions, networking equipment, and even electric guitars.
8.Explain Full duplex and half duplex.
Full duplex refers to the transmission of data in two directions simultaneously. For example, a telephone is a full-duplex device because both parties can talk at once. In contrast, a walkie-talkie is a half-duplex device because only one party can transmit at a time.
6.What is a transducer and transponder?
A transducer is a device, usually electrical, electronic, electro-mechanical, electromagnetic, photonic, or photovoltaic that converts one type of energy or physical attribute to another for various purposes including measurement or information transfer.
In telecommunication, the term transponder (short-for Transmitter-responder and sometimes abbreviated to XPDR, XPNDR, TPDR or TP) has the following meanings:
* An automatic device that receives, amplifies, and retransmits a signal on a different frequency (see also broadcast translator).
* An automatic device that transmits a predetermined message in response to a predefined received signal.
* A receiver-transmitter that will generate a reply signal upon proper electronic interrogation.
A communications satellite?s channels are called transponders, because each is a separate transceiver or repeater.
* An automatic device that receives, amplifies, and retransmits a signal on a different frequency (see also broadcast translator).
* An automatic device that transmits a predetermined message in response to a predefined received signal.
* A receiver-transmitter that will generate a reply signal upon proper electronic interrogation.
A communications satellite?s channels are called transponders, because each is a separate transceiver or repeater.
Transducer is a device which converts any physical quantity such as temperature,pressure etc into equivalent electric signal.
transponder (short-for Transmitter-responder)is an automatic device that receives, amplifies, and retransmits a signal on a different frequency.example communication,broadcasting satellites.
transponder (short-for Transmitter-responder)is an automatic device that receives, amplifies, and retransmits a signal on a different frequency.example communication,broadcasting satellites.
7. What is crosstalk?
Crosstalk is a form of interference caused by signals in nearby conductors. The most common example is hearing an unwanted conversation on the telephone. Crosstalk can also occur in radios, televisions, networking equipment, and even electric guitars.
8.Explain Full duplex and half duplex.
Full duplex refers to the transmission of data in two directions simultaneously. For example, a telephone is a full-duplex device because both parties can talk at once. In contrast, a walkie-talkie is a half-duplex device because only one party can transmit at a time.
Most modems have a switch that lets you choose between full-duplex and half-duplex modes. The choice depends on which communications program you are running.
In full-duplex mode, data you transmit does not appear on your screen until it has been received and sent back by the other party. This enables you to validate that the data has been accurately transmitted. If your display screen shows two of each character, it probably means that your modem is set to half-duplex mode when it should be in full-duplex mode.
In full-duplex mode, data you transmit does not appear on your screen until it has been received and sent back by the other party. This enables you to validate that the data has been accurately transmitted. If your display screen shows two of each character, it probably means that your modem is set to half-duplex mode when it should be in full-duplex mode.
full duplex is nothing but device which allows us to transmite and recieve sinultenously with greater efficiency.
.
9. Difference between mobile and a cell phone.
There
is no difference, just language use, which differs from country to
country, so in Britain it is called a mobile, and in USA and South Africa
and other places a cell phone. Even in Europe the name differs. The
Germans call it a "handy", which in English has completely another
meaning as an adjective, meaning useful. In Italy it is called a
telofonino or "little phone". This difference in British and American English is also evident in many other things we use every day, like lifts and elevators, nappies and diapers, pickups and trucks. The list goes on and on, any student of English has to decide which he or she will use, as the default setting.
mobile is a technology and cell
phone is sub technology in it. to understand it clearly consider a
walkie talkie and cell phone. Both are different technologies but both
are mobile. The way they communicate is also different.
10. Difference between electronic and electrical.
Electronics
work on DC and with a voltage range of -48vDC to +48vDC. If the
electronic device is plugged into a standard wall outlet, there will be a
transformer inside which will convert the AC voltage you are supplying
to the required DC voltage needed by the device. Examples: Computer, radio, T.V, etc...
Electric devices use line voltage (120vAC, 240vAC, etc...). Electric devices can also be designed to operate on DC sources, but will be at DC voltages above 48v. Examples: are incandescent lights, heaters, fridge, stove, etc...
Electric devices use line voltage (120vAC, 240vAC, etc...). Electric devices can also be designed to operate on DC sources, but will be at DC voltages above 48v. Examples: are incandescent lights, heaters, fridge, stove, etc...
electrical engg.deals movement of
electrons in conductors whenever electronics engg.deals the movement of
electrons in semiconductor vaccum or air.
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